Mauritius, a stunning island spanning 1,865 square kilometres, is located approximately 2,400 kilometres off the southeast coast of Africa. Renowned for its breathtaking beauty, the island boasts over 150 kilometres of white sandy beaches and a clear, turquoise lagoon protected by the world’s third-largest coral reef, which almost encircles the island.
A Volcanic Legacy
Mauritius’ volcanic origins have blessed it with a unique landscape. The central plateau, about 400 metres above sea level, is a prominent feature. The island is also adorned with scattered mountains, fast-flowing rivers, lush tropical forests, and diverse plant life, all contributing to its natural allure.
Climate
The island enjoys a maritime subtropical climate, providing warm and pleasant weather throughout the year. The summer season extends from October to May, with average temperatures hovering around 27 degrees Celsius. During the winter months, temperatures average a comfortable 22 degrees Celsius. The topography of Mauritius creates microclimates; the central plateau is generally more humid and cooler than the coastal regions, offering a refreshing contrast.
Colonial Beginnings
The Dutch were the first settlers on the island in 1598, naming it after their ruler, Prince Maurice Van Nassau. However, it was under French governance, specifically under Governor Mahé de Labourdonnais, that Mauritius experienced significant development. The French established a harbour at Port Louis, which became the capital of Mauritius. The strategic location of Port Louis, being the safest harbour for vessels en route to India, attracted British interest. Consequently, the British occupied the island in 1810.
Economic Transformation
During British rule, the economy of Mauritius underwent substantial changes. One of the most significant developments was the introduction of indentured labourers, primarily from India, to work in the sugarcane fields. This influx of labourers had a lasting impact on the cultural and demographic landscape of Mauritius, shaping its diverse and multicultural society.
Path to Independence
Mauritius achieved independence on 12 March 1968, adopting a constitution based on the British parliamentary system. The island continued to evolve politically, and on 12 March 1992, Mauritius became a republic while remaining a member of the British Commonwealth.
Mauritius Today
Today, Mauritius stands as a testament to its rich history and cultural diversity. Its unique blend of landscapes, from pristine beaches to lush highlands, and its favourable climate make it a year-round destination for travellers seeking both relaxation and adventure. The island’s history of colonial influences and its path to independence have shaped a vibrant and resilient nation, celebrated for its harmonious blend of cultures and traditions.
If you wish to learn more about Mauritius you can have a look at the following blogs: ‘Population’ and ‘Le Morne Cultural Landscape’, these will give you an idea of the culture and our vast tapestry of history that make up the island of Mauritius.
